Shaukat Qadir

We are now ready to conclude this study. Before doing so, however, I need to draw your attention to a prevailing situation, which I have written and spoken on repeatedly but, not in this series. Throughout history empires and global powers have fallen, to be replaced by others. If more than one empire existed concurrently, […]

We concluded our last essay on the question of “Controlling Wars”. Before reverting to that question, I wish to discuss with you a less important role of the UN; Peacekeeping. The reason for the delayed inclusion of a relatively unimportant subject should emerge with our examination of it. Peacekeeping by the UN is a subject […]

The title “The Final Chapter” might be misconstrued, so let me clarify. As we have observed during the last many weeks, these subjects are dynamic and continue to change. They always will and, therefore, there can never be “the last word” on the subject. This chapter is my last effort in this series, at least […]

The previous essay ended with an unanswered question. What does the modified [exploitative] version of globalization do to the host [poorer] country? To fully comprehend this, it is necessary to view consequences through two prisms: The Market Perfection Theory, MPT, and the Keynesian Theory, KT. Mathematics; is a pure science and, therefore, deals in absolutes. […]

According to media reports, the words of the title are a direct quote of the words uttered by Senator Anwar ul Haq Kakar, who heads the Senate Committee on Forced Religious Conversions, while briefing the press on return from Sindh, on an investigative visit. To give credence to his findings, Kakar was accompanied by a […]

We are approaching the concluding of this particular study but, I would be remiss if I concluded without saying something on Globalization. Unlike the last essay, Globalization is very much a significant link in the study of Political Economy but it is also a beautiful example of how exploiters exploit, and add insult to injury […]

At the very outset, let me clarify, that this piece has nothing to do with any further developments in Political Science, Economy, and/or Political Economy. However, I do consider it important for us to comprehend how, under this era of war mongering political economics, matters could get out of hand and, lead us down the […]

We have, so far, examined the UN and the ICJ, to see how the powers that be had, at the very outset, emplaced mechanisms to ensure that both were “controlled” to ensure they couldn’t run amok; in effect, defanged. But there were also the international financial institutions; what of them? The original two are the […]

In the rather dismal record of the UN in preventing conflict, there are some partial successes, just as there are some really impressive judgments by International Courts. This essay will discuss one of each. I have narrated both examples before in other contexts. They deserve to be viewed in this context as well. Noteworthy is […]

Chronologically, the Bretton Woods institutions were born over a year before the UN. However conceptually, the UN is the mother of all international institutions so, let’s begin with the mother. With the Charter adopted in June 1945, the UN began functioning in October, with 51members. These now number 193. The goals of the UN, spelt […]