Jawad Saleem

Digital transformation has been reshaping global financial systems over the past decade, leading to an evolving landscape of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). These government-backed digital currencies represent a significant shift in how people access and use money, carrying substantial implications for both developed and developing economies. As of 2024, over 130 nations, representing nearly […]

In the latter part of 2024, Pakistan’s economy is exhibiting signs of resilience, driven largely by robust policy actions and emerging sectoral improvements. Amidst global economic fluctuations, the nation’s fiscal landscape stands at a pivotal juncture, with recent indicators suggesting a cautious yet promising recovery trajectory. The State Bank of Pakistan has played a central […]

As climate change accelerates globally, its impacts on developing countries have become devastating and unavoidable, putting the need for climate finance at the forefront of international discourse. Pakistan stands as a crucial case within this conversation, a country acutely vulnerable to climate risks yet constrained by economic limitations that hinder its ability to respond effectively. […]

Pakistan’s vast coastline, spanning 1,046 kilometres and covering an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of approximately 240,000 square kilometres, presents a significant opportunity to bolster its economy through the blue economy. Globally, the blue economy, which refers to the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs while maintaining the health of […]

In recent decades, a growing global crisis has been quietly brewing-one that does not merely threaten the environment but also risks sparking geopolitical tensions, conflicts, and economic disruption. As the planet’s freshwater resources dwindle and global demand surges, the possibility of “water wars” is no longer a distant or hypothetical scenario. Nations are increasingly facing […]

Pakistan’s economic landscape in October 2024 stands at a complex intersection, where stabilization efforts collide with deeply embedded structural deficiencies. As a financial expert assessing the trajectory, the recent 37-month, $7 billion Extended Fund Facility (EFF) agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), approved in late September 2024, represents a critical juncture for both macroeconomic […]

Pakistan’s foreign relations play a pivotal role in its economic, political, and security dynamics. With the shifting global geopolitical environment, Pakistan finds itself at a crossroads of maintaining delicate relationships with global powers, regional neighbours, and multilateral institutions. The outcome of these diplomatic efforts directly impacts the country’s economic growth, security, and international standing. The […]

Pakistan’s livestock sector, despite its potential, has remained one of the most underutilized aspects of the country’s economic landscape. The sector contributes approximately 60% toa the country’s agricultural GDP and nearly 11-12% to the national GDP. This makes it a vital part of Pakistan’s agricultural backbone, which employs around 35-40% of the national workforce. However, […]

Pakistan’s economic struggles in 2024 can be best understood through its growing dependence on foreign loans. By September 2024, the country’s external debt had reached over $130 billion, sparking concerns that the nation is spiralling toward a debt trap rather than leveraging these funds for sustainable development. The fiscal challenges are immense, and the pressure […]

Pakistan’s economic landscape has been through several tumultuous phases, with inflation being a persistent issue for decades. Recent headlines have created a stir, suggesting that inflation has eased to a single-digit figure of 9.6 percent in August 2024. For the government, this is an achievement worthy of praise. However, for many citizens, this statistical relief […]