United States (US) President Donald Trump continues to remain focused on his pre as well as post elections promises; like building a wall on the border with Mexico and more importantly, abandoning all endless military ventures abroad despite serious challenges to his presidency from the reinvigorated Democrats who have a majority in the House after the mid-term elections in 2018. On Sunday, January 3 2019, Trump reaffirmed, in an interview with CBS’s “Face the Nation”, his determination to pull US troops out of “endless wars” in Syria and Afghanistan, but said they should stay in Iraq to watch Iran. Trump cited the high cost in blood and money after years of fighting in Afghanistan, in arguing for a US withdrawal from the place where the 9/11 attacks were hatched. “It’s time,” he said in the interview, “and we’ll see what happens with the Taliban. They want peace. They’re tired. Everybody’s tired.” On Syria, Trump said the 2,000 US troops in the country would leave “in a matter of time” but cited the need to protect Israel “and other things that we have” for slowing down after initially announcing an immediate pull-out. He said he would soon be announcing the recapture of “100 percent of the caliphate” once claimed by the Islamic State group in Iraq and Syria. He said, however, the US will not give up its bases in Iraq.”We spent a fortune on building this incredible base. We might as well keep it. And one of the reasons I want to keep it is because I want to be looking a little bit at Iran because Iran is a real problem, we have an unbelievable and expensive military base built in Iraq. It’s perfectly situated for looking at all over different parts of the troubled Middle East rather than pulling up, we’re going to keep watching and we’re going to keep seeing and if there’s trouble, if somebody is looking to do nuclear weapons or other things, we’re going to know it before they do,” he said. Trump said he would leave intelligence in Afghanistan “and if I see nests forming, I’ll do something about it.” “We got to get out of these endless wars and bring our folks back home,” he said at another point. “Now, that doesn’t mean we’re not going to be watching with intelligence. We’re going to be watching, and watching closely.” Trump’s comments come in the face of warnings by US intelligence chiefs that a precipitous US withdrawal from Afghanistan and Syria could allow resurgence by Al-Qaeda and IS. On Thursday January 31, the US Senate voted overwhelmingly for a measure sponsored by Mitch McConnell, the Republican majority leader, warning against a “precipitous withdrawal” from Afghanistan and Syria. I had highlighted in July 2018 that “US was Desperate to get out of a Catch 22 Position in Afghanistan”. In December 2018, in an article titled “Engagement of Taliban in UAE & Trump’s announcement of phased withdrawal from Afghanistan”, the associated complications were underscored and it was suggested that Afghanistan, the regional countries and more so Pakistan need to brace up to avoid facing a repeat of the 90s like fallout from Afghanistan. Moreover, the immediate resignation by US Secretary Defence James Mattis was taken as an indicative of fissures and disagreements within US Administration on the end state in Syria as well as in Afghanistan. The possibility of Privatising the War in Afghanistan through Feinberg the owner of DynCorp International military contractors and Erik D. Prince who founded the security firm Black water Worldwide were also highlighted as an American option of replacing the US military, with potential to have even greater destabilizing effects in the region. Despite increased pressure from the Democrat led house, his military and intelligence administration and some dissenting voices even from Republicans as stated above, Trump remains determined to deliver on all his main promises Again on February 2, 2019, in another article titled ” A Comparison: US Wars in Vietnam and Afghanistan” it was assessed that, “In May 2012, NATO leaders commended an exit strategy for withdrawing their forces. UN-backed peace talks have since taken place between the Afghan government and the Taliban. On January 28, 2019 the US government announced that negotiators for the US and Taliban have agreed in principle on key issues. US troops would leave Afghanistan in return for Taliban promises that Afghan territory will not be used by terrorists. Nevertheless, there’s a slip between the cup and lips when it comes to peace negotiations in Afghanistan. Foreign Forces withdrawal, establishment of an interim government in Afghanistan, release of prisoners and removal of Taliban and its leadership from terrorist list and directly talking to Washington instead of the Afghan government remain the Taliban’s main demands; whereas ceasefire to allow holding presidential elections (or even making an interim government) and talks between Taliban and Afghan government remain the US’s main demands to allow them to exit smoothly before the 2020 US Presidential elections. The real cost of the Afghanistan War is more than the $1.07 trillion. First and most important, is the cost borne by the 2,350 US troops who died, the 20,092 who suffered injuries, and their families who have to live with the consequences (end 2017 estimates). The comparison of the US war in Vietnam (1955-1973) and US war in Afghanistan(2001-2019) bring to the fore many similarities with respect to the incessant Great Game between the US and Russia (including emerging China) with competing strategic interests in the region, reliance on military and economic alliance by both sides, strategic blunders by the US and its allies in terms of policy, planning and execution in both the civil and military domains, misguided and chaotic covert wars by intelligence services, greater disparity in the stated and implicit goals, American overreliance on military muscle and technology with its limitations exposed, a tendency to bomb its way to victory, disregard to great human and financial losses resulting in decades-long economic and social crises, arrogance leading to underestimation of direct and indirect foes, disrespect of its own public’s sentiments along with internal fault lines and international opinion, changing goalposts and declared objectives, distraction by opening simultaneously new fronts causing overstretch, repeating the same experiments again and again and expecting different results, failure to comprehend the dichotomy inherent in killing with one hand and trying to win hearts and minds with the other, faulty assessment of “clear, hold and build concept” in the invaded country, disregard to limitation of its allies and consequent disenchantment, letting down tested friends and allies for scape goating, and finally abandoning the war torn-region in utter chaos. The other great similarities in both conflicts include the US betting on corrupt governments in Saigon and Kabul, Langley and Pentagon’s tendency to exaggerate their claimed successes and continued sucking in more and more troops and allied resources without any improvement on the ground, war fatigue and consequent demoralisation among troops, failure to factor in regional and extra regional stake holders’ sensitivities, interests and responses and both President Nixon and Trump faced with largely the same challenges at home and abroad, which necessitated abandoning failed pursuits.” Despite increased pressure from the Democrat led house, his military and intelligence administration and some dissenting voices even from Republicans as stated above, Trump remains determined to deliver on all his main promises with focus on winning his vote bank and his eyes set on 2020 presidential elections( as was Richard Nixon focused on getting troops back home in 1973 from Saigon, Vietnam before presidential elections in 1974 under quite similar political, economic and military circumstances). Therefore, peace in Afghanistan is likely to remain elusive and hostage to a range of visible and invisible factors as assessed in a number of previous articles. Nevertheless, thanks to Trump that he has clearly spoken his heart out, i.e.US’ plan to maintain a strong military base in Iraq to keep a close eye and for possible military strike on aspirant nuclear Iran or any other country in the Middle East (or even in CASA region)that poses a threat to Israel and American interests especially with respect to IS or Al-Qaeda; and at least keeping a strong intelligence presence in Afghanistan (with implied meaning that retention of a strong military base in Afghanistan, presence of CIA or privatization of war through contracts like Black Water/ DynCorp with the same aims and objectives may remain a sticking talk point with Taliban and with potential interim Afghan government).In final analysis, Trump’s desire to finish endless wars and bring American soldiers back home remains the main focus. It now depends on the regional players to workout joint plans for avoiding a latent civil war as was witnessed after US troop’s abrupt with drawal and abandoning South Vietnam, leaving it at the mercy of North Vietnam Communist regime, which resulted in prolonged and unforgettable human catastrophes. The threat posed by US military and intelligence presence in the region vis-à-vis its stabilizing effects with respect to possible resurgence of non-state actors and groups needs to be carefully evaluated by the respective military and intelligence experts from the regional countries. As of now, despite the US administration’s differences with White House, it is safe to say that the US will completely withdraw from Afghanistan well before the next presidential elections in 2020; therefore, in the face of enormous challenges associated with troubled and war ravaged Afghanistan that directly threatens CASA region, it will be prudent that all regional and some extra regional countries including China, Russia, Afghan incumbent government, Taliban representatives, Pakistan, Iran and all Central Asian Republics with additional presence of KSA, Qatar, UAE and Turkey join hands to formulate a joint plan of action to ensure that another round of civil war does not happen and peace and normalcy returns to Afghanistan. The Afghan owned, Afghan led and all inclusive slogan for peace in Afghanistan, now need to be updated and broadened to make it all inclusive regional solution for sustainability and durable peace in Afghanistan and the region. Published in Daily Times, February 7th 2019.