Before the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Xinjiang experienced periods of instability, characterised by frequent ethnic and religious conflicts that left its communities fragmented and underdeveloped. However, the breakthrough came when Xi Jinping took the oath of the President of China in 2013 and introduced reforms all over the country, including […]
An Era of China-Pakistan Diplomacy
This year, China and Pakistan are celebrating their 74th anniversary of diplomatic relations, which were established on May 21, 1951. Since then, Pakistan and China have had historical ties deeply rooted in mutual trust, shared strategic interests, and support at the regional and global level. The 1965 Indo-Pakistan war proved to be a real catalyst […]
Pak-Uzbekistan relations
English geographer Halford R. Mackinder stated in his Heartland Theory that “whoever controls Eastern Europe would command the Heartland; whoever controls the Heartland would command the World Island; and thus, consequently command the world.” Mackinder emphasized the importance of landlocked Central Asian states, highlighting their strategic value and considering them at the center of gravity […]
The Green Corridor
In today’s rapidly evolving world, the dynamics of global development are increasingly shaping an interconnected landscape where states rely on each other for economic, technological, and infrastructural progress. They become part of a global network that transcends borders. In 2021, the G7 countries launched the “Build Back Better World” (B3W) initiative in response to China’s […]