Afnan Wasif

Pakistan inherited a well-established primary and secondary educational system, especially in the urban centres and much of Punjab, although it had been predominately manned by Hindus, many of whom left for India after the partition. The major educational assets Pakistan inherited were situated in Lahore, where several elite states and missionary schools had taught several […]

Security is an idiosyncratic and contested notion, subject to individual interpretation. A generic explanation of security is the absence of peril or trepidation. Optimism and hope may be termed as security. And hope and optimism may or may not be a “Law”. It may be rules, precedents, norms, values, customs and traditions. If one is […]

In a democratic system, political parties play a central role, serving as platforms for individuals who support specific ideologies and allowing them to participate in elections – a democratic process to choose a leader. These parties develop their election strategies around a set of principles, goals, and commitments outlined in their manifesto, which reflects the […]

Afghanistan is situated at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It shares 2640 kilometres of its eastern border with Pakistan. Afghanistan gained peculiar importance for Pakistan after the Soviet invasion in 1979. Constantly, for the last 40 years, it has been involved in three wars including the Soviet Invasion, the Afghan Civil War, […]

A phenomenon that was devised to understand the role of nuclear weapons and the concept of mutually assured destruction in the overall stability of a region. The concept of MAD prevails during the confrontation between two states having nuclear weapons. Consequently, the presence of nuclear weapons maintains stability at the strategic level due to MAD […]

The world is dealing with serious issues. The world’s problems in the past could be divided into two categories: those caused by nature and those caused by humans. But in modern times, the domains of both natural and man-made challenges are overlapping. The sophistication of the world is one of the causes of this overlap. […]

A line–a tangible reality–-has cut both nations apart and hindered the well-being of people. Pakistan and India–two nuclear powers–share a border of 2912 km. Both countries are going to commemorate their 76th independence anniversary in the coming month. Given the population, a country on one side of the line (border) has touched the mark of […]