Political parties are essential to modern democracy, contrary to some popular opinion. Parties organise democracy and prevent voters from having to choose from among scores of candidates. Parties in a broad sense stand for a particular view of the role of government. Party identification is the best predictor of how people vote. Compromise between the parties has been and will remain vital for the functioning of democracy. These political compromises reflect the collective behaviour of the nation. In the 2018 general elections, no party has managed to achieve a simple majority. Now is the time for compromises and conciliation. One cannot be a successful politician if one sticks to his ideals and convictions. If a politician is rigid and inflexible in his thoughts and approach, he will be isolated from the masses. Politics knows no code of conduct or ethics. If there is any field in which ends justify the means, politics is certainly one of them. One who is very conscious of the promises made on various occasions to the voters cannot progress in politics as one cannot fulfil many of the promises that are made and should be prepared to compromise on this score. True, to some extent politicians do fulfil some of the promises made during election campaigns, but by and large, assurances in political manifestos are ignored both by the masses and the parties themselves, with old promises yielding position to new. One cannot afford to take a firm stand on any issue in politics. The politician should be flexible enough to accommodate new thoughts, ideas and suggestions as the emerging situations demand. After all, there is a famous saying that politics is the art of compromise. Politicians are bad at compromise not only because the electorate votes based ideology, but also because politics artificially and unnecessarily limit the number of bargaining parties. Thus, describing politics as the art of compromise is misleading. Because the value to interest groups of using the political process depends on the inability of other groups to organise effectively and join in the political bargaining, politics may just as accurately be described as the art of confining compromise: organised interest groups have incentives to confine the number of parties sitting at the political bargaining table. The result is that the interests of the general, unorganised public typically are compromised by political compromise. To some extent politicians do fulfil some of the promises made during election campaigns, but by and large, assurances in political manifestos are ignored both by the masses and the parties themselves It is a hallmark of our democracy that no candidate for office is ever able to deliver on all of her or his campaign promises. That is because of the way our system of government works. In dictatorships, it is a different matter of course. There, laws have nothing to do with the arena of public discourse or what the people want. No one gets everything they want. Half a solution is better than no solution at all. To a hungry man, half an apple is much preferred to an empty stomach. More importantly a stubborn, rigid position even if it is sometimes the right one will often do more harm than good. Is a bad deal really worse than no deal at all? Sometimes, but not all the time. Politics is the art of compromise. This does not mean that you have to surrender your personal convictions and always level the decision-making process to the lowest common denominator. This does not mean everyone is unhappy because they only get half a solution. But it does mean that effective leaders have to keep an open mind and be able to identify the greater good and the lesser of two bad solutions, and then make a timely choice, in good faith, to the best of their ability. Yes, the PTI leadership will have to face blackmail in the name of political compromise, and it will have to be very careful because the opposition is quite strong. Negotiated solutions are almost always preferred to unilateral ones. Democracy is a messy process. But it is the best one we have. Let’s help it work better going forward and demonstrate statesmanship and the art of compromise in pursuit of a truly democratic culture. Politicians need to be able to compromise and be good at bargaining with other elected officials. One reason is that in order to get what is important to them, they must be willing to negotiate with others who also want support. It is a trade off in which one party wants support for their cause and in turn, must support someone else’s cause. They must engage in this bargaining in order to win enough support to get the votes necessary to form a government. In other words, without compromise, nothing will be achieved and as a result the official will likely not hold office for very long. Politics by its very nature is the exercise of power to reach certain objectives. Political decisions affect people from diverse backgrounds and it is often very difficult to make a decision that will entirely satisfy all the people since they have varied needs. So the role of the skilful politician is to find common ground make compromises to effect a plan of change towards the meeting of societal goals. Politicians have ripped this word out of the dictionary, twisted it, and demonised the process. To them, compromise no longer means putting aside your differences and working together. It no longer means sacrificing a little to gain something greater. No, instead it means selling your soul to the devil and stabbing the people in the back. The problem is the people who call and write letters and E-mail their politicians regularly are the people most passionate about certain specific issues. It has been said “a good compromise is when both parties are dissatisfied”, but I think that paints the wrong type of picture. People misuse the word compromise when they treat it like a lose-lose outcome. The perception of political compromise should be that both sides leave with something to be happy about and something be achieved that serves the country. Compromise prevents rapid radical swings in government policy that could have many unintended consequences, so I support them even if they do not have everything I want because they keep Pakistan stable in the long term. Absolutism in government has become very difficult. Our trust in previous governments has faded, but we are not free from blame either. After all, it was we the people who elected our representatives. If we wish to see our government function again, we must be willing to back down from our absolutist stances. The writer is a PhD Scholar, Media and Crime and author of different books on International Relations, Criminology and Gender Studies. He can be reached at fastian.mentor@gmail.com Published in Daily Times, August 3rd 2018.