M Umer Rafique

Pakistan is engulfed in yet another political crisis that threatens to jeopardize the stability and development needed to advance the nation’s governance and economy. In recent years, it has become all too common. Plagued by corruption scandals, social unrest, and political paralysis, succeeding governments resulted in social unrest and a failure to carry out innumerable […]

Pakistan’s criminal justice system has historically been a source of debate and controversy. For a long time, it has been marred with multiple issues and challenges. Despite significant legislative and judicial reforms, the system has failed to provide victims of crimes with prompt and equitable justice, and severe inadequacies continue to damage Pakistani citizens’ lives. […]

Since the country’s founding in 1947, Pakistan has had a lengthy history of controversial laws. Soon after independence, the country’s first constitution, which established a parliamentary form of government, was drafted. However, the democratic system was short-lived, as the country’s military intervened in 1958, imposing martial law and suspending the constitution. Over the next four […]

A fundamental concept in contemporary democracies is the idea of separation of powers, through which authority is distributed across various branches of government to prevent anybody from having complete control over decision-making. This creates a system of checks and balances that not only encourages accountability and transparency, but also protects individual rights. The principle of […]