In our increasingly interconnected world, the Internet has emerged as one of the most transformative inventions in human history. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, learn, and conduct business. However, this powerful tool is not without its dark side. The internet can serve as a double-edged sword, offering immense benefits while simultaneously becoming a breeding ground for misinformation, manipulation, and harmful activities. While it can empower individuals and foster global connections, it also has the potential to wreak havoc on societies when misused. The internet today is akin to a vast ocean of information and interaction. For many, it has become an invaluable resource for education, providing access to knowledge that was previously restricted to those with specific means. Online courses, open educational resources, and digital libraries have democratized education, enabling learners from all walks of life to pursue their interests and aspirations. Furthermore, the Internet has facilitated global commerce, allowing businesses to reach customers across borders and fostering economic growth in numerous regions. Yet, alongside these benefits, the darker aspects of the internet have become increasingly apparent. Social media platforms, while connecting individuals, have also been implicated in the spread of misinformation and propaganda. The rapid dissemination of false information can have serious consequences, influencing public opinion, swaying elections, and even inciting violence. The rise of “fake news” has led to widespread confusion and distrust, undermining the very foundations of informed decision-making in democratic societies. This troubling trend raises fundamental questions about control and governance in the digital age. As satellite internet services expand, connecting even the most remote regions of the world, the implications for internet governance become more complex. For example, when a country permits a satellite internet provider from another country to operate within its borders, it risks relinquishing control over its internet landscape. Each individual has the power to contribute to a more positive online environment by being a responsible digital citizen. This scenario highlights the urgent need for a global connectivity framework, akin to the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), that can address issues related to misinformation and internet governance on a broader scale. Currently, nations grapple with these challenges independently, often without the means to effectively communicate their concerns or coordinate responses with other countries. A global forum could provide a platform for collaboration, enabling nations to tackle the multifaceted problems posed by misinformation and hold companies accountable for their actions. Such an institution could enforce regulations that ensure internet service providers and platforms adhere to laws designed to protect users and maintain ethical standards. The lack of oversight is particularly evident in the proliferation of websites offering web domains with minimal regulation. Many of these sites operate without adequate checks and balances, often neglecting essential Know Your Customer (KYC) protocols. This absence of oversight creates an environment where malicious actors can exploit the internet for nefarious purposes, such as fraud, identity theft, or the dissemination of harmful content. It is essential to establish strict regulations governing data storage and processing, requiring companies to disclose the nature of the data they collect and its sources. By implementing these measures, we can build a more secure digital environment for users. In tandem with these regulatory efforts, we must also confront the pressing concern of the dark web. Frequently portrayed as a mysterious realm, the dark web is often associated with illegal activities and illicit trade. However, it is crucial to understand that the data from dark websites is stored somewhere, often in hidden servers that evade traditional monitoring. Instead of narrowly focusing on individual sites, we must identify the storage points where this data resides. This understanding can empower law enforcement and regulatory bodies to take appropriate action against illegal activities, enhancing our ability to combat the threats posed by the dark web. The dangers of the internet extend beyond illegal activities; they also target individuals on a massive scale cyberbullying, harassment, and online stalking have become alarmingly prevalent, affecting the mental health and well-being of countless individuals. The anonymity afforded by the internet can embolden malicious actors, making it easier for them to inflict harm on others without facing immediate consequences. As we continue to navigate this complex digital landscape, it is essential to prioritize the protection of individuals and create a safe online environment. Moreover, the issue of misinformation spreads beyond social media and online forums; it can also influence public health, safety, and national security. For instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic, misinformation about the virus, its transmission, and vaccines proliferated online, leading to confusion and hesitancy among the public. The consequences of such misinformation can be dire, resulting in ineffective public health responses and increased vulnerability to disease. Therefore, we must develop strategies to combat misinformation at both the national and international levels. One potential solution lies in fostering digital literacy among users. By equipping individuals with the skills to critically evaluate information sources and discern fact from fiction, we can empower them to navigate the digital landscape more effectively. Educational initiatives that promote media literacy can help individuals recognize the signs of misinformation and develop a more discerning approach to the content they encounter online. Additionally, collaboration between governments, tech companies, and civil society can lead to the development of tools that flag or fact-check questionable information, thereby reducing the spread of falsehoods. As we consider the future of the internet, it becomes clear that existing national frameworks are insufficient to address the global nature of the challenges we face. The internet transcends borders, and its impact is felt worldwide. This reality calls for a collective approach that brings together nations to address issues related to misinformation, data privacy, and online security. A global forum could facilitate dialogue and collaboration, enabling countries to share best practices and develop coordinated responses to emerging threats. In creating such a forum, we must also consider the potential for establishing international standards and regulations that govern internet usage. These standards could encompass data protection, privacy rights, and ethical guidelines for tech companies. By setting clear expectations for behaviour in the digital realm, we can promote responsible practices and hold companies accountable for their actions. This would not only enhance user trust but also contribute to a more secure and equitable online environment. Furthermore, the role of tech companies in shaping the internet landscape cannot be overlooked. As key players in the digital economy, these companies have a responsibility to prioritize ethical practices and user safety. This includes implementing robust content moderation policies, enhancing transparency in algorithms, and taking action against the spread of harmful content. Companies should also be encouraged to invest in research and development that addresses the ethical implications of emerging technologies, ensuring that innovation aligns with societal values. The internet has transformed the way we connect, fostering relationships and communities that transcend geographical boundaries. Social media platforms, blogs, and forums enable individuals to share their experiences and perspectives, creating a rich tapestry of voices and ideas. However, this connectivity also has a downside, as it can amplify divisive narratives and foster echo chambers where misinformation thrives. The algorithms that drive social media engagement often prioritize sensational content, leading to the spread of misleading information and contributing to polarization. To combat this phenomenon, it is essential to promote a culture of critical thinking and open dialogue. Encouraging individuals to engage with diverse perspectives and challenging their own beliefs can foster a more informed citizenry. Educational institutions play a vital role in this endeavour, as they can cultivate a generation of learners who are not only tech-savvy but also discerning consumers of information. By prioritizing media literacy and critical thinking in curricula, we can prepare students to navigate the complexities of the digital world. In addition to education, there is a pressing need for transparency and accountability in the operations of tech companies. Users should have the right to understand how their data is collected, used, and shared. This transparency fosters trust and empowers individuals to make informed decisions about their online presence. Companies should be held accountable for their policies and practices, ensuring that they prioritize user safety and adhere to ethical standards. The global nature of the internet also underscores the importance of international cooperation. Cyber threats, cybercrime, and misinformation do not respect national borders, making it imperative for countries to collaborate on solutions. By sharing information, resources, and best practices, nations can strengthen their defences against common threats and foster a more resilient digital ecosystem. This collaboration can take various forms, from joint initiatives to combat cybercrime to shared research on effective strategies for combating misinformation. As we continue to navigate the challenges posed by the internet, it is essential to recognize the role of users in shaping the digital landscape. Each individual has the power to contribute to a more positive online environment by being a responsible digital citizen. This includes being mindful of the content they share, engaging in constructive discussions, and standing against harmful behaviour online. By collectively fostering a culture of respect and accountability, we can create a more inclusive and supportive online community. The future of the internet is not predetermined; it is shaped by the choices we make today. As we grapple with the complexities of the digital age, we must remain vigilant in our efforts to create a safe and equitable online environment. This requires collaboration among governments, tech companies, civil society, and individuals. By coming together to address the multifaceted challenges we face, we can harness the full potential of the internet while mitigating its risks. The writer is a freelance columnist.