The official death toll has nearly doubled to 35 in a crackdown by Iran’s security forces on more than a week of protests that erupted after the death of a young woman in custody. Hundreds of angry demonstrators have been arrested with crowds taking to the streets of major cities across Iran for eight straight nights since the death of Mahsa Amini. The 22-year-old Kurd was pronounced dead after spending three days in a coma following her arrest by the feared morality police for an alleged violation of the Islamic republic’s strict dress code. State television said the number of deaths in “recent riots” had risen to 35, up from 17 previously, including at least five security personnel.
Waves of arrests have been reported, with the police chief in the northern province of Gilan announcing Saturday “the arrest of 739 rioters, including 60 women,” in Gilan alone, Tasnim news agency said. Protests were held around Iran on Friday night, with online videos showing some turning violent, including in Tehran.
Footage showed security forces firing what appeared to be live ammunition at unarmed demonstrators in the northwestern cities of Piranshahr, Mahabad and Urmia. In a video shared by the Oslo-based Iran Human Rights organisation, a uniformed member of the security forces is seen shooting an AK-47 assault rifle at protesters in Shahr-e Rey, on Tehran’s southern outskirts.
Security forces have also arrested activists and journalists, with Sherif Mansour of US-based media watchdog the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) reporting 11 had been detained since Monday. They include Niloufar Hamedi of the reformist newspaper Shargh, who reported on Amini’s death. Elsewhere, the Norway-based Kurdish rights group Hengaw said protesters “took control” of parts of the town of Oshnaviyeh, in West Azerbaijan province.
Images showed protesters walking freely with their hands aloft in triumph, but Hengaw acknowledged this could be “temporary” and expressed fears of a new crackdown there. Iran’s judiciary said “rioters attacked three Basij bases” in Oshnaviyeh, referring to the state-sanctioned Islamic militia. But it denied the security forces had lost control of the town.
Ultra-conservative President Ebrahim Raisi vowed to deal “decisively” with those behind the violence in a phone call Saturday with the family of a Basij member killed in the northeastern city of Mashhad. His comment came after Amnesty International warned of “the risk of further bloodshed amid a deliberately imposed internet blackout”. The London-based human rights group said evidence it gathered from 20 cities pointed to “a harrowing pattern of Iranian security forces deliberately and unlawfully firing live ammunition at protesters”. Amnesty said security forces had shot dead at least 19 people on Wednesday night alone, including at least three children.
Friday night’s protests came only hours after thousands marched in government-supported pro-hijab rallies in cities including Tehran, Ahvaz, Isfahan, Qom and Tabriz. Amini died on September 16 following her arrest by Iran’s morality police, a unit responsible for enforcing the Islamic republic’s strict dress code for women.
Activists said she suffered a blow to the head in custody but this has not been confirmed by the Iranian authorities, who have opened an investigation. Iranian women have burnt their headscarves and symbolically cut their hair in protest at the strict dress code, echoed in solidarity demonstrations from New York to Istanbul and Brussels to Arbil, in Iraqi Kurdistan. Iran’s Interior Minister Ahmad Vahidi insisted Amini had not been beaten.