Historically, the Arab story has been written against a backdrop of fragmentation: competing empires and mandates, monarchies versus republics, Ba’athists versus Islamists, rich petro-states versus poorer neighbours, and more recently, normalisation tracks that moved at different speeds. This fragmentation eased the path to Israel’s creation in 1948, helped Israel consolidate strategic advantages, and still constrains […]
Historically
HIV in Pakistan
Historically, AIDS and HIV have not received much attention in Pakistan either because of infection rates that failed to achieve seriously high levels or underreporting. This could prove to be a mistake in the near future. There are numerous factors that could lead to rates of the disease climbing in the future. Rates of intravenous […]