The rise of the BJP, as a major political force, has been paralleled by the progressive decline of the Congress Party, which ruled India for forty-six years of its half a century post-independence age. The main factors underlying the decline of Congress revolve around its greed, lust and hunger for power. As a ruling party, Congress consistently thwarted the aspirations of all sections of the common people, allowed poverty to intensify in large proportions and undermined the security of minority communities, Dalits and the rural and urban poor.
The BJP wields much influence with upper-caste Hindus and among the business community and professionals. It is supported by the growing new Indian middle class. It earned only two seats in the 1984 elections but raised the tally to 161 in the 1996 Lok Sabha elections. The phenomenal rise in its popularity in such a short period raises questions about the programmes and promises, it makes to the Indians.
In 1987, a wave of Hindu revivalism swept through India when the ‘Ramayana’ (Romance of Rama), the most popular of all Hindu epics, was being shown on national television. The ‘Ramayana’ was adapted for television by Ramanand Sagar, a successful producer of Hindi films. Everyone enjoyed the serial, which was screened for one hundred and four weeks. The success of ‘Ramayana’ prompted the Indian government, who immediately tasked B.R. Chopra, another celebrated Indian film producer, to adapt another Hindu epic, the ‘Mahabharata’ for their television network. Chopra produced ninety-three hour-long television serial of the epic, which proved a great success. These two epics depicted the evolution of Hinduism from 400 B.C. to 200 A.D. The serials opened the floodgates to the Hindu revivalist tide. Congress Party members and other critics of the BJP link the rise of the BJP with these two TV serials (Stanely Kalpage, 1996). Since 1987, the leaders of the BJP have exploited the religious mood that the serials created.
Whatever is happening with the religious minorities is not an accident or an afterthought, but a concerted effort of a well-thought-out strategy.
Now, well-settled in power since 2013, BJP is seen to be leading the challenge to at least two of the four cardinal principles of Nehru’s legacy-secularism, socialism, non-alignment and democracy, which they feel have left India, poor and vulnerable.
The BJP’s philosophy, programmes and priorities, are not in line with the spirit of secularism.
Hindutva, as BJP claims is not a religion but a philosophy like communism or socialism. However, the reality is exactly the opposite of this claim. Hindutva is nothing but the revival of Hindu religion and culture as practised by the majority population of India. The proponents of Hindutva are Hindu fundamentalists. They have politically organized themselves and are gaining enormous support in the Hindi heartland. The political appeal for Hindu voters of India lies in their being not only anti-Muslims but being anti-all religions. Hindu fundamentalists perceive Islam to be the rival to Hindus. Hindu fundamentalists know that they cannot reverse the historical divide that has taken place. But they want all the Indians, in particular, the Muslims to accept the Hindu culture as their way of life (Chitkara and Sharma, 1997).
Vijay Malhotra, right in the early years of BJP’s rule, outlined Hindutva fundamentals, as preached by the BJP and other Hindu fundamentalists. Malhotra categorically stated, “Hindutva and Indian nationhood are synonymous terms. All those living in this country are Bharatiya or Hindus. Here no one should take exception to this truth.” Therefore, whatever is happening with the religious minorities, is not an accident or an afterthought, but a concerted effort of a well-thought-out strategy.
The recent outburst by a BJP leader against Holy Prophet (Peace be Upon Him) has irked a number of Muslim States, perhaps for the first time in this fashion. Most of the Muslim leaders are demanding an apology from the Indian leadership and called for a boycott of Indian products across these states. However, Modi-government does not really care about these actions by smaller countries in which millions of Indians are working for decades and remit billions of dollars every month. Rather, India is seriously contemplating to counter the socio-economic boycott by some Muslim States and imposing similar actions against popular regional airlines which carry a large number of Indian nationals across the globe.
On the other hand, Pakistan’s reaction is relatively lukewarm compared to past incidents that have taken place in some European countries. This is unusual, not only part of the government but also on part of the right wing political parties who would block the Federal Capital at will in the past on the similar incidents.
In my opinion, Pakistan must take a firm stand on the incidents related to Islamophobia that have been recognised as legitimate concerns for the second largest community in the world, by the United Nations as well. It may be necessary to remind that appeasement is a failed strategy in international affairs being managed following the precepts of realism.
The writer is the author of the book ‘Nuclear Deterrence and Conflict Management Between India and Pakistan’.
He is presently working as the Director of the Centre for Aerospace and Security Studies (CASS)