Human factors and ergonomics, integral to shaping efficient and safe work environments, are critical aspects that remain largely underappreciated in Pakistan’s business and industrial sectors. These disciplines focus on designing workplaces, tools, and processes in a manner that aligns with human capabilities and limitations, thereby enhancing productivity while safeguarding employee well-being. International standards, such as those set by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), offer comprehensive guidelines to ensure that workspaces are conducive to both productivity and health. However, despite the wealth of research supporting these practices, many workplaces in Pakistan, whether in the fast-growing IT sector, construction, or manufacturing industries, fail to integrate these standards, leading to inefficiencies that reverberate throughout the national economy. One of the primary challenges facing Pakistani businesses is the widespread lack of awareness surrounding the profound impact of ergonomics on both performance and safety. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), musculoskeletal disorders are among the leading global causes of absenteeism and reduced workplace productivity, stemming from poorly designed environments that place undue strain on workers. Yet, many local employers, particularly in labor-intensive industries such as construction and manufacturing, do not fully recognize the direct correlation between inadequate ergonomic design and the increased incidence of workplace injuries, slower work processes, and higher levels of employee attrition. In many cases, workers in these industries endure prolonged periods in uncomfortable, ill-designed workstations, whether standing or sitting, which contributes to chronic pain, fatigue, and long-term health issues that undermine their efficiency. This issue is further compounded by a persistent cost-centric mindset that prevails in many Pakistani organizations. Too often, ergonomic interventions are viewed as non-essential expenditures rather than strategic investments in workforce productivity and well-being. However, this shortsighted approach fails to account for the significant hidden costs of inaction. In Pakistan’s textile factories, for instance, repetitive stress injuries are common, largely because of outdated machinery and a lack of ergonomic protections. Similarly, in the IT sector, where employees are subjected to long hours of desk work, poor ergonomic setups lead to widespread health complaints, including back pain, eye strain, and carpal tunnel syndrome. The repercussions of these health problems are not confined to the workers alone—they result in reduced productivity, increased absenteeism, and rising healthcare costs, creating a significant drag on business performance. However, physical strain is only part of the broader ergonomic challenge. Cognitive ergonomics, which involves managing mental workload and reducing cognitive strain, is another critical factor often neglected in Pakistani workplaces. In sectors such as banking, call centers, and software development, mental fatigue is a significant issue, leading to burnout and reduced job satisfaction. Internationally, cognitive ergonomics, designing workflows and processes to mitigate mental overload, has been successfully integrated into workplace management, resulting in enhanced employee focus and performance. Pakistani businesses, however, have yet to fully embrace these strategies, missing valuable opportunities to optimize both the mental and physical well-being of their employees. To address these challenges, it is imperative that Pakistani businesses adopt a more proactive approach toward ergonomics. Raising awareness of the importance of ergonomic standards and practices is the first critical step. Employers need to understand that even small adjustments, such as providing adjustable chairs, improving lighting, or reorganizing tasks to reduce repetitive strain, can lead to significant improvements in both employee satisfaction and productivity. Comprehensive ergonomic assessments are also essential. Guided by international best practices, these assessments can identify problem areas and recommend cost-effective improvements. Contrary to popular belief, many of these changes do not require significant financial investment. Introducing standing desks in office environments, ensuring factory workers have access to ergonomically designed tools, or improving lighting and airflow can drastically enhance worker comfort and output with relatively modest upfront costs. Governmental intervention will also play a pivotal role in driving the adoption of ergonomic practices in Pakistan. Implementation of stronger regulatory frameworks that align with ILO and OSHA guidelines are essential. These should include regular inspections, clear safety regulations, and incentives for businesses that prioritize the well-being of their workforce through ergonomic improvements. In countries where such regulations have been implemented, businesses have reported marked improvements in both productivity and reductions in workplace injuries, demonstrating that ergonomics is not just a matter of health and safety, it is also an economic imperative. Ultimately, the integration of ergonomics into Pakistan’s work environments represents more than just a step toward reducing workplace injuries or improving short-term outputs. It is a fundamental shift toward creating workspaces that prioritize the well-being and long-term health of employees, allowing them to reach their full potential without sacrificing their physical or mental health. By embracing international ergonomic standards and committing to better workplace design, Pakistani businesses have the opportunity to cultivate not only healthier, more motivated employees but also more productive and resilient organizations. The rewards are far too valuable to overlook. For Pakistan to truly thrive on the global stage, its workforce must be seen as its most vital asset, with health, comfort, and safety forming the backbone of its progress. The writer is a human factors/ergonomics specialist. He can be reached at engrwaqasahm@gmail.com.