Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden says he will reverse some of US President Donald Trump’s restrictive immigration policies should he win in November, but the dizzying number of changes could take months or years to undo, according to policy and regulatory experts and people close to the Biden campaign. They said Biden’s efforts would be slowed by legal hurdles, political pressure to keep some measures, and a crowded agenda at the beginning of a presidency dominated by the coronavirus pandemic. “There are going to be a number of urgent matters that require immediate action, including dealing with a global pandemic that has taken hundreds of thousands of lives, including dealing with an economy that is in shambles, all due to President Trump’s failed leadership,” senior Biden campaign adviser Cristóbal Alex said. He said Biden was committed to reversing what he called Trump’s “horrific” immigration policies. Trump, carrying out a pledge of his “America First” 2016 campaign to reduce legal and illegal immigration, ordered travel bans, hardened efforts to deter Central American migrants entering at the US-Mexico border and made it more difficult for people to obtain refugee status. His administration has blocked immigrants and temporary foreign workers from the United States, saying the moves were needed to preserve jobs for Americans as unemployment soared during coronavirus-related shutdowns. Some of the Republican president’s most far-reaching policies have been issued during the pandemic, including blocking many travelers from China, Iran, Europe and Brazil, and suspending non-essential travel across the borders with Canada and Mexico. While Biden has criticized some of these restrictions, he has not said if he would immediately reverse them. He has also not commented on emergency border rules implemented in March that allow US authorities to rapidly expel border crossers, including unaccompanied children and asylum seekers. Julie Chávez Rodríguez, another senior adviser to the Biden campaign, said he would look to public health officials for guidance on pandemic-related border closures and accused Trump of trying to “scapegoat” immigrants with the restrictions on legal immigration. Some of Trump’s executive actions will be relatively easy to undo with the stroke of a pen. But finalized regulations that have gone through a period of public review typically take from several months to a year to unravel, and could take longer, according to four regulatory experts. Lawsuits could delay attempts to undo Trump regulations and smaller-scale memos and guidance issued to agencies. These logistical obstacles mean that Trump’s immigration legacy could endure well beyond his presidency, according to the policy experts, outside Biden campaign advisers and current and former Trump officials. Immigrant advocates who are hoping for faster change would likely be disappointed. `BREATHTAKING` The architect of Trump’s sweeping immigration agenda, senior adviser Stephen Miller, called the scope of the changes to the US immigration system over the past 3-1/2 years “breathtaking” and “without precedent” – a description echoed by both Trump backers and opponents. Miller argued that measures finalized under Trump will not be easy to remove, just as his administration struggled to reverse some policies put in place by previous administrations. “In some distant, long-off future time when a Democrat is president, as we all have seen firsthand it is a difficult, complex and time-consuming thing to remove a regulation or a longstanding memorandum,” Miller said in an interview. The non-government Migration Policy Institute estimates that the administration has made more than 400 immigration policy changes. A separate tally by advocacy groups puts the figure closer to 1,000. The Biden campaign has established an immigration policy working group of volunteers composed of former government officials and immigration advocates. Amy Pope, a homeland security adviser in former President Barack Obama’s National Security Council, is playing a lead role, according to four people familiar with the effort. Several of the people voiced concern about Pope’s involvement, saying it signaled a Biden administration could treat immigration as more of a national security issue than a civil rights issue. They also said it suggested a return to Obama-era policies. While Obama did not invoke anti-immigrant rhetoric or attempt to curtail legal immigration, some 3 million immigrants were deported between 2009-2016, earning him the moniker “deporter in chief” from angry activists. Biden served as Obama’s vice president during that period. In a 2018 interview, Pope defended Obama’s decision to expand the detention of migrant families arrested at the border, an issue raised by one of the people concerned that she was leading the immigration working group. Pope did not respond to a request for comment, but Peter Boogaard, a former colleague of Pope’s in the Obama White House, praised her as “incredibly adept” and said she played a key role in shaping Obama policies countering human trafficking and addressing root causes of immigration in Central America. Lorella Praeli, co-president of the Washington-based Community Change, which works to empower people of color, women and immigrants, said “it’s not enough” to return to Obama-era policies, “because so much of it wasn’t working.” Biden plans to send an immigration bill to Congress on his first day in office that includes a pathway to citizenship for the estimated 11 million immigrants living in the country illegally, according to campaign adviser Alex. The bill also would address the status of “Dreamers” who were brought to the United States as children but are now in the country illegally. Biden’s campaign said on Friday that Biden would rescind Trump’s travel ban on Day One of his presidency.