A half-trillion-euro European fund laid out by France and Germany sparked optimism Monday about fighting economic fallout from the coronavirus, as did encouraging early results on vaccine research by a US biotech firm. Global markets surged as Europe pushed towards normality with major landmarks reopening after a two-month hiatus, and as China told the World Health Organization it would back an independent inquiry into the handling of the outbreak once the pandemic is “brought under control.” At the White House, US President Donald Trump slammed China’s handling of the crisis — and dropped a bombshell by revealing he has been taking hydroxychloroquine, an anti-malaria drug that is an unproven treatment against coronavirus. Trump, who has tested negative for COVID-19, dismissed safety warnings about the drug, saying he is taking it “because I think it’s good. I’ve heard a lot of good stories.” Nearly 4.8 million people have tested positive and more than 317,560 have been killed by the disease since it emerged in Wuhan, China late last year, according to an AFP tally. Chinese President Xi Jinping, battling allegations from Washington and elsewhere that his country concealed the scale of the problem, told the World Health Assembly — the WHO’s decision-making body — that Beijing had been “transparent” throughout the crisis. Beijing also offered to share a vaccine once one became available. But China’s main critic, the United States, sharpened the tone at the same talks, accusing the WHO of being too close to Beijing, citing as evidence the continued exclusion of Taiwan from the UN health agency. Vaccine hope In the United States, the hardest-hit nation, deaths surpassed 90,000, but all 50 states have begun easing lockdown measures to varying degrees, and the 24-hour death toll fell for a second day to 759, one of the lowest in weeks. In Michigan, where car assembly lines cranked up for the first time in two months, employees wore masks and endured temperature checks and social distancing protocols. As death and hospitalization rates continue to drop in Europe — Italy’s daily death toll fell below 100 for the first time since early March — Europe sought to pick up the pace on its exit from the lockdown. St Peter’s Basilica at the Vatican and the Acropolis in Athens opened their doors to visitors alongside many European shops, restaurants and churches. In Venice, the gondolas returned to the waters, even if the gondoliers wore gloves and masks. “It’s good news, a sign of everyone’s desire to get back to normal as soon as possible, but without ever lowering our guard in order to defeat the virus once and for all,” said Giovanni Giusto, city councillor for the Protection of Traditions. Global markets were buoyed by the 500-billion-euro ($540 billion) European fund, along with encouraging early results from clinical trials of a potential vaccine by Moderna. The first stage trial provoked an immune response similar to people convalescing from the COVID-19 disease in eight recipients, according to the company. A larger phase 2 trial is due to begin soon. But fears for Latin America, Africa Despite the hopeful signs, recent days have also seen soaring infections in Brazil, India and South Africa. United Nations chief Antonio Guterres warned the virus’s impact on the southern hemisphere could be “even more devastating” than in the north. In Latin America, Brazil overtook Britain to have the third-highest caseload worldwide at more than 255,000 confirmed infections. Deaths have risen sharply. President Jair Bolsonaro has blamed lockdowns for unnecessarily hurting Brazil’s economy. He has defied social distancing measures, even as experts and regional leaders warn the country’s healthcare infrastructure could collapse. The total death toll in Latin America and the Caribbean now exceeds 30,000. Around half of Chile’s 50-member senate, as well as four ministers, went into quarantine after coming into contact with at least three colleagues infected with the novel coronavirus. Nicaraguan hospital staff have said the nation’s health system is overwhelmed with patients suffering from respiratory illnesses. Relatives have reported that the bodies of loved ones were being carted off in pick-up trucks for “express burials” without their consent. “Mourners are forced to chase trucks with the coffin to find out where their loved ones are being buried,” the opposition National Coalition said in a statement denouncing government secrecy. There was also grim data in Africa, where the number of infections rose rapidly, and South Sudan’s first vice president, the former rebel leader Riek Machar, has tested positive for COVID-19, his office said Monday. Loans, not grants The coronavirus has left the world economy facing its worst downturn since the Great Depression. Fresh evidence of the deep damage came when Japan announced its first recession since 2015. The world’s biggest economy is also headed to a massive downturn, US Federal Reserve chairman Jerome Powell warned. April-to-June data “will be very, very bad,” Powell said, adding that the economic hardship “could stretch through the end of next year.” In a gesture of European solidarity, French President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Angela Merkel proposed “borrowing from the market in the name of the EU” to fund 500 billion euros of spending on the 27-strong bloc’s “worst-hit sectors and regions.”