Pakistan, the sixth-largest mango producer in the world, grows over 200 varieties but exports only about 10 percent of its annual 1.2 million tonnes produce. High costs and quality concerns continue to limit export growth, experts say. Farmers face challenges in meeting international standards, which reduces the country’s competitiveness despite abundant production. Authorities and industry leaders are now pushing for modernization to unlock the sector’s potential.
Khawar Nadeem, Manager at the Pakistan Horticulture Development & Export Board, highlights that nearly 30 percent of mangoes are lost from orchard to consumer due to outdated farming practices. Conventional farms have 40–60 trees per acre, while countries like Australia and Egypt grow up to 600 trees per acre using high-density planting and advanced techniques. Modern orchards could significantly multiply yields and improve export quality.
Experts suggest adopting advanced technologies, including greenhouses and improved rootstocks. Dwarf varieties suited to Pakistan’s soil, along with better nursery management, can help reduce contamination from pests and diseases. These measures, combined with genetic engineering, could enhance productivity and ensure consistent quality, allowing more mangoes to reach global markets.
Cost issues remain another major barrier, says Dr Muhammad Zubair Iqbal, Vice Chancellor of Bahauddin Zakariya University. Electricity, gas, land, and registration fees are too high for most growers. Iqbal urges government support to reduce input costs and simplify registration processes, enabling farmers to expand production and improve profitability.
Beyond production, quality standards are crucial. Experts call for government-backed measures to ensure only premium fruit enters the export chain. Establishing juicing units, drying plants, packaging facilities, and industry training is essential. Adding value through pulping, dehydration, and freeze-drying could triple export potential, moving the sector beyond raw fruit sales.
China has become a key market for Pakistan’s mangoes. In 2023, exports to China exceeded 115,000 tonnes, valued at $80 million. Cold chain logistics and modern preservation technologies have cut transit times and reduced spoilage. E-commerce platforms in China now sell over 50 tonnes daily with satisfaction rates above 98 percent, showing strong demand for high-quality Pakistani mangoes.
Looking ahead, industry leaders emphasize investing in modern machinery, storage, and packaging facilities. Compact units with vacuum-sealed systems and efficient harvesting equipment can maintain hygiene and shelf life. With these improvements, Pakistan aims to double mango exports to China within five years and expand its presence in other global markets.