Experts on Sunday said that a major volume of vulnerable communities were facing the adverse fallouts of climate change, who were the major victims of natural disasters, including droughts, and floods with health risks including under-nutrition and malaria. Talking to APP they opined that the interaction between human health and environmental hazards has been extensively interlinked, which was repeatedly researched and studied on the latest scientific methods. For many of the world’s poor segments, adaptation to climate change is not a choice but a bitter reality. Existing evidence suggests that the poor, particularly those in the developing world, are the most vulnerable to any changes in climate variability and change. Experts in various findings have examined the myriad ways in which climate change adaptation policies and strategies are developed, and they systematically discuss the factors which either facilitate or hamper the involvement of all stakeholders in the development of these intervention measures. Our findings indicate that women seem to be the group of people who are mostly unaware of community initiatives, policies, and strategies for the adaptation to climate change. Various studies recommend that, in order to achieve successful public participation in climate change adaptation policy development, there must be an all-inclusive system which incorporates all stakeholders, including vulnerable groups. However, mainstreaming women-focused resilience-building measures into policymaking is key to lowering their exposure to the adverse fallouts of climate change, particularly floods, Ministry of Climate Change and Environmental Coordination spokesperson Muhammad Saleem Shaikh told APP. He said that building climate resilience in marginalized communities, especially women, by engaging them in climate policymaking and policy implementation processes as well as enhancing investment in women-focused climate risk management programs and actions is an important ingredient in building the climate resilience of women. The ministry spokesperson highlighted that various studies show that when communities or women are not fully engaged in climate work, programs are likely to meet with failure, by putting them at greater risk of increased exposure to climate change impacts. Talking to APP noted environmentalist Mahmood Khalid Qamar opined that technological advances in agriculture and rapid industrialization have considerably polluted the two pillars of natural resources, i.e. land, and water. Toxic chemicals and microbial contaminants/agents created by natural and anthropogenic activities are rapidly becoming environmental hazards (EH) with increased potential to affect the natural environment and human health. Noted pulmonologist Dr. Zeeshan from Jinnah Hospital Lahore says the environment has serious effects on our health in a variety of ways, by significantly impacting human health in two ways, either directly by exposing people to harmful carbon-agents or indirectly, by disrupting life-sustaining ecosystems. Therefore it is imperative to consider huge poor populations in policy making as a top priority. The World Health Organization (WHO) in its recent report has given its estimation that thirteen million deaths annually are attributable to preventable environmental causes. The report also estimates that 24 percent of the global disease burden (healthy life per year loss) and 23 percent of all deaths i.e. premature mortality among these communities particularly women are attributable to environmental factors, with the environmental burden of diseases, that means 15 times higher in developing countries than in developed countries. This occurs due to differences in exposure to environmental risks and non-availability of access to health care amid environmental reasons. The report further says that five children in developing countries in every one minute die from malaria or diarrhoea. UN reports further say half of the world’s poor and ignored population was comprised of women and child girls, yet they remained mostly out of the conversation when it came to building the climate resilience of the communities. According to UN reports, women and girls formulate nearly half of the agricultural labor force in less developed countries including Pakistan. When provided with the same access to resources as men, women can increase their agricultural yields by 20 to 30 percent. This boost in productivity, not only improves total agricultural output by 2.5 to 4 percent, but it can also help reduce world hunger by 12 to 17 percent. Another pulmonologist and critical care physician, Dr. Muhammad Ahmad said that dramatic occurrences of rising Asthma cases and undernutrition including malnutrition throughout the global cities were increasing at at an alarming level. He said that various environmental synthesis reports are giving precautionary warnings that further erosion of ecosystems could lead to a rise in existing diseases such as malaria and cholera, as well as a rising risk of new emerging viral diseases in the world. Therefore thickly populated areas should be at the top agenda and must be included in policy-making To a query Ahmad said that safe drinking or bathing water in megacities can impose serious risks (both acute and delayed) to human health, adding microbe contamination of groundwater due to arsenic-rich levels and high concentrations of poisonous nutrients in sewage waters due to agricultural runoff are among the most serious threats. With accelerating frequency and intensity and with out communities policy drafting, severe storms, heatwaves, wildfires, droughts and other extreme weather events are having ever-more evident impacts on human health and wellbeing. Meanwhile, it is worth mentioning here that recently Secretary of the Ministry of Climate Change (MoCC)& Environmental Coordination Mr. Ezaz A. Dar assured the ambassador of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Mr. Khazar Farhadov to extend all-out support for the successful organization, conduct and negotiations at the two-week long UN-led 29th session of the Conference of the Parties set to kick off from November 11 this year at Baku. app