A Russian water policy expert has said that preserving the Indus Waters Treaty is essential for maintaining peace and stability in South Asia, while warning that any attempt to weaken the agreement could increase regional tensions.
Speaking at a seminar in Islamabad on the Indus Waters Treaty, Dr Roxolana Zygon said the agreement has served as the foundation for equitable water sharing between Pakistan and India for more than six decades despite periods of political and military tensions.
She noted that more than 90 per cent of Pakistan’s agriculture depends on river water, while 21 major hydropower projects are linked to the Indus River system. According to her, any disruption in the natural flow of rivers could have significant consequences for Pakistan’s agricultural production, water security and energy generation.
Dr Zygon said unilateral actions affecting shared water resources could undermine regional trust and violate the principles of international water law. She also referred to Pakistan’s concerns regarding unusual water flows in the Chenab River, saying Islamabad had previously lodged formal protests over the issue.
The expert further stated that the Indus Waters Treaty does not contain provisions allowing either party to withdraw from the agreement unilaterally. She described the treaty as one of the world’s most successful transboundary water-sharing arrangements, noting that it has continued to function even during periods of heightened tensions between the two neighbouring countries.
Highlighting broader regional implications, Dr Zygon warned that the construction of additional upstream dams and policies affecting river flows could contribute to instability if not managed through established legal mechanisms and mutual cooperation.
She emphasised that the Permanent Indus Commission remains an important platform for addressing water-related disputes and promoting dialogue between both countries. According to her, continued cooperation over shared water resources is vital for ensuring long-term regional peace, food security and sustainable development.
The seminar focused on the importance of upholding international agreements governing shared rivers and encouraging peaceful mechanisms for resolving water-related disputes in South Asia.