In a groundbreaking experiment, scientists in Switzerland have successfully developed computers powered by living human brain cells. Inside a lab in Vevey, researchers from the biotech startup FinalSpark are using tiny clumps of human neurons—called brain organoids—as living processors. These “mini-brains,” kept alive with nutrient-rich fluids, are capable of basic data processing tasks. Unlike traditional silicon chips, these biological processors die if not properly maintained, making their preservation crucial for research progress.
This innovative field, known as biocomputing or wetware, aims to harness the natural intelligence of the human brain rather than merely replicating it through artificial models. FinalSpark co-founder Fred Jordan explained that biological neurons are around one million times more energy-efficient than artificial ones, offering a sustainable alternative to power-hungry AI systems. As the demand for AI chips surges and companies face rising energy costs, wetware presents a possible solution for reducing both power consumption and environmental impact.
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To create these living processors, scientists begin with stem cells derived from human skin, transforming them into neurons and grouping them into millimeter-wide organoids. Electrodes are then attached to monitor and stimulate their neural activity, effectively translating their electrical responses into digital signals similar to binary code. The company’s live web feed even allows viewers to observe the organoids’ active neural patterns in real time. Currently, ten universities worldwide are experimenting with FinalSpark’s bioprocessors for research and development purposes.
One researcher, Benjamin Ward-Cherrier from the University of Bristol, used an organoid to control a simple robot capable of recognizing different Braille letters. However, he noted the difficulties of working with living cells, which can die mid-experiment, forcing scientists to restart. Despite these challenges, experts believe that biocomputing could revolutionize both artificial intelligence and neuroscience, offering new insights into brain functionality while reducing reliance on traditional hardware.
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At Johns Hopkins University, similar organoids are being used to study neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s and autism, offering hope for medical breakthroughs. Although scientists agree these organoids are far from developing consciousness, ethical discussions are ongoing to ensure responsible research. As FinalSpark continues to explore this frontier, biocomputing may not only reshape computing technology but also unlock deeper understanding of the human brain’s hidden capabilities.