For millions of Pakistani households, the economy no longer feels like a crisis; it feels like a permanent condition. Prices rise predictably, jobs feel uncertain by default, and savings are treated as a luxury rather than a buffer. Against this lived reality, Pakistan’s latest Consumer Confidence Index presents a paradox policymakers would be unwise to […]
Reforms in Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan
The political process of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) has nothing to do with institutionally democratic evolution but with managed democracy. The fate of these territories remains constitutionally unsettled because of the Kashmir dispute. Political interference has further marginalised local legitimacy rather than strengthening regional cohesion. Since 1990, many governments in Islamabad […]