Daily Times

Archaeologists have discovered an ancient steam bath that the Maya likely used for religious rituals — and possibly relaxation — more than 2,500 years ago.

The steam bath, discovered in the ancient Maya city of Nakum in what is now Guatemala, had fragmented ceramic vessels and obsidian tools in it — artifacts that were possibly used for rituals, said excavation co-leader Jaroslaw Zralka, an assistant professor of New World archeology at Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland.

“It is one of the oldest steam baths in Mesoamerica,” Zralka told Live Science in an email, adding that the bath is “almost entirely carved into the limestone bedrock.”

Zralka and his team found the steam bath about five years ago, but they’re still excavating the site.

“We initially thought that we were dealing with a tomb,” excavation superperviser Wieslaw Koszkul, an archaeologist at Jagiellonian University in Kraków, told Science in Poland. “But while gradually uncovering subsequent parts of the structure, we came to the conclusion that it was a steam bath.”

Both the ancient and modern Maya people associate steam baths with ritual activity, the archaeologists said. For instance, the ancient elite, including priests, likely used baths not just to wash their bodies but also to symbolically cleanse their souls before important events, the researchers said.

“In the Maya beliefs, caves and baths are treated almost the same way: the places where not only the gods, but also the first people were born and emerged from,” Zralka told Science in Poland. “They are also considered to be entries to the underworld, the world inhabited by gods and ancestors. Caves and steam baths were also associated with the harvest and the place of origin of life-giving water.”

The steam bath certainly looked cave-like when the archeologists first discovered it. First, the team found a downward-sloping tunnel carved into the rock. But this tunnel is actually where the steam bath’s excess water flowed, the archaeologists soon discovered. The Maya also constructed an easy way to enter the bath; both sides of the tunnel have stairs leading up to the steam room, which has rock-cut benches where the bathers could sit. Across from the entrance is an oval-shaped hearth, where large stones were likely placed, heated up and then splashed with water to produce steam, the archaeologists said.

Published in Daily Times, January 17^th 2019.