Daily Times

CAIRO: Leading Palestinian political factions began talks in Cairo on Tuesday aimed at pushing ahead with reconciliation efforts, including discussing the formation of a unity government.

The United Nations has said the reconciliation bid “must not be allowed to fail” or another round of conflict with Israel could break out. Representatives of 13 political parties are in the Egyptian capital for meetings that are expected to last three days, participants said.

Jameel Mezher, a senior member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine who is attending the closed-door talks, confirmed to AFP the meetings had begun, without giving further details. The two largest parties — Fatah and Hamas — signed an Egyptian-sponsored unity deal on October 12 under which Hamas is supposed to cede power in the Gaza Strip by December 1.

As part of that deal, both parties and other smaller groups are expected to discuss several issues in Cairo, including forming a unity government and holding elections. There have been no Palestinian parliamentary elections since Islamist movement Hamas seized control of Gaza in 2007 from Fatah, which dominates the Palestinian Authority government in the Israeli-occupied West Bank.

Palestinians and international powers hope implementation of the unity deal could help ease the suffering of Gaza’s two million residents, who suffer from severe poverty and unemployment. Israel has maintained a crippling decade-long blockade of Gaza, while Egypt has also largely closed its border in recent years. The division between Palestinian factions has also been cited as one of the largest obstacles to meaningful peace talks with the Israelis. Previous reconciliation attempts have failed.

The exact timetable was unclear for Tuesday’s meeting, which was taking place at the Egyptian intelligence directorate. Fatah’s delegation will be headed by negotiator Azzam al-Ahmed. On the Hamas side, deputy leader Salah Aruri will be the highest-ranking official present. Neither Palestinian president and Fatah leader Mahmud Abbas nor Hamas chief Ismail Haniya will attend. The October accord is supposed to see Fatah retake full control of Gaza, but significant stumbling blocks remain.

In particular, the future of Hamas’s vast armed wing, which has fought three wars with Israel since 2008, is hotly disputed. Abbas has repeatedly said he will only accept one military authority in the Palestinian territories, but Hamas officials have refused to disarm. Israel has also said it will not accept any Palestinian government that includes Hamas unless the Islamist group puts down its weapons.

Grant Rumley, research fellow at the US-based Foundation for Defense of Democracies, said the issue had the potential to derail reconciliation efforts. He said the parties could choose to avoid looking for a final decision on Hamas’s weapons at this week’s talks, instead looking to build trust between the parties who have been at loggerheads for a decade. “I think a sign of success is if (the reconciliation push) doesn’t break down,” he told AFP.

In a crucial first step, Hamas handed over Gaza’s border crossings on November 1. Control of a number of government ministries has also been transferred. But in recent days progress has appeared to stall, with Palestinian prime minister Rami Hamdallah suggesting the Palestinian Authority needed full security control of Gaza before further steps could be taken.

The Fatah-dominated Palestinian government has also refused to remove crippling sanctions on Gaza that include reduced electricity. On Monday, Nickolay Mladenov, the United Nations special coordinator for the Middle East peace process, told the UN Security Council that, despite the challenges, the reconciliation “must not be allowed to fail”. “If it does, it will most likely result in another devastating conflict,” he said.

Published in Daily Times, November 22^nd 2017.