Queen Elizabeth II, the longest-serving monarch in British history and an icon instantly recognisable to billions of people around the world, died on Thursday. She was 96.
Buckingham Palace announced her death in a short statement, triggering 10 days of national mourning and an outpouring of tributes to her long life and record-breaking reign. “The Queen died peacefully at Balmoral this afternoon,” said the statement issued at 6:30 pm (1730 GMT).
“The King (Charles) and The Queen Consort (Camilla) will remain at Balmoral this evening and will return to London tomorrow.”
The eldest of her four children, Charles, Prince of Wales, who at 73 is the oldest heir apparent in British history, becomes king immediately.
Royal officials confirmed he will be known as King Charles III, the first king of that name to sit on the throne since 1685. From the steps of 10 Downing Street, Prime Minister Liz Truss mourned “the passing of the second Elizabethan age” nearly 500 years after the first and concluded: Charles himself called his mother’s death “a moment of the greatest sadness for me and all members of my family”. “We mourn profoundly the passing of a cherished Sovereign and a much-loved Mother,” he added in a statement signed “His Majesty the King”.
“I know her loss will be deeply felt throughout the country, the Realms and the Commonwealth and by countless people around the world.” The queen’s death came after the palace announced earlier on Thursday that doctors were “concerned” for her health and recommended she stay under medical supervision.
All her children — Charles, Princess Anne, 72, Prince Andrew, 62, and Prince Edward, 58, flocked to her Scottish Highland retreat, Balmoral.
They were joined by Charles’s elder son, Prince William, and William’s estranged brother Prince Harry.
Just two days earlier, the queen performed one of her core ceremonial functions as head of state, appointing Truss as the 15th prime minister of her reign, which started with Winston Churchill in Downing Street. She was seen smiling in photographs but looking frail and using a walking stick.
One photograph of the meeting with Truss sparked alarm, showing a deep purple bruise on the monarch’s right hand. Queen Elizabeth II came to the throne aged just 25 in 1952 in the exhausted aftermath of World War II, joining a world stage dominated by political figures from China’s Mao Zedong to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and US president Harry S. Truman.
Her 70-year reign straddled two centuries of seismic social, political and technological upheaval.
The last vestiges of Britain’s vast empire crumbled. At home, Brexit shook the foundations of her kingdom, and her family endured a series of scandals. But throughout, she remained consistently popular and was queen and head of state not just of the United Kingdom but 14 former British colonies, including Australia and Canada. New Zealand proclaimed Charles its new king.
– Tearful crowds – She was also head of the 56-nation Commonwealth, which takes in a quarter of humanity, and supreme governor of the Church of England, the mother church of the worldwide Anglican communion.
But questions will be asked about whether the golden age of the British monarchy has now passed, how an ancient institution can remain viable in the modern era and whether Charles will command the same respect or reign in his mother’s shadow. Under leaden skies at Buckingham Palace, tearful crowds sang a forlorn “God Save the Queen” as news of her death filtered through.
“I think she’ll remembered as the greatest monarch in history, the longest serving but also the greatest,” royal author Phil Dampier told AFP. “She lived through the most dramatic changes in the modern era of any monarch… It is going to be an impossible act to follow.”
Historians have characterised her reign as a period of inevitable decline for Britain from what some believe to be its greatest reference point — victory in World War II.
“We were all told that the funeral of Churchill (in 1965) was the requiem for Britain as a great power,” one historian told The Guardian newspaper in 2017.
“But actually, it will really be over when she goes.”
Dampier said her death would be a “psychological blow to the nation”.
“It’s going to be very difficult for some people to get over it because for most people she’s just been there their entire lives,” he added.