Campaigning begins in Ivory Coast Thursday for the October 31 presidential election, with incumbent Alassane Ouattara seeking a controversial third term while the opposition is pushing for civil disobedience amid violent demonstrations. Many observers fear a pre- or post-election crisis comparable to that in 2010-2011 when 3,000 people died and the West African nation was plunged into chaos. “All the Ivorian opposition says No, No, No,” to a third Ouattara mandate, was the message displayed at an opposition rally in Abidjan on Sunday that attracted tens of thousands of people. There are four candidates in the running — 78-year-old Ouattara; the 86-year-old former president Henri Konan Bedie; and two outsiders — former prime minister Pascal Affi N’Guessan and former parliamentarian Kouadio Konan Bertin. The constitutional council rejected a further 40 would-be candidates including former president Laurent Gbagbo, 75, and former rebel leader Guillaume Soro, 47, both of whom played key roles in the crisis that engulfed the country after disputed elections in 2010. Gbagbo was freed conditionally by the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague after being cleared in January 2019 of crimes against humanity. He is currently in Brussels pending the outcome of an appeal against the ICC ruling. The opposition has cried foul over Ouattara’s attempt to secure a third term in office despite the two-term constitutional limit. After his re-election in 2015, Ouattara announced in March that he would not seek a third term. But he changed his mind after his preferred successor, prime minister Amadou Gon Coulibaly, died of a sudden heart attack in July. Ouattara and his supporters have argued that a 2016 revision of the constitution reset the limit on the number of terms. Violent demonstrations Demonstrations against Ouattara’s decision to run again have turned violent and left around 15 people dead, reviving memories of the murderous crisis a decade ago. Several high-profile figures, including Konan Bedie and former prime minister Affi N’Guessan, have called for “civil disobedience” in recent weeks. During the campaign, Ouattara is expected to point to his “excellent” record on the economy and the positioning of Ivory Coast — the world’s biggest exporter of cocoa — as a regional powerhouse. He is promising a better distribution of growth to the country’s poorest and most remote areas. “This election will not be credible,” said former Foreign Minister Marcel Amon Tanoh, a former Ouattara loyalist.