Tensions between the two nuclear-armed Asian powers escalated last month after an incursion into Pakistani territory by Indian Air Force warplanes to allegedly strike a militant camp led to skirmishes in the air and small arms and artillery fire along the Line of Control (LoC). Major combat units of the Indian Navy including the INS Vikramaditya aircraft carrier-led battle group, nuclear submarines ‘and scores of other ships, submarines and aircraft’ were quickly shifted from exercises to operational deployment as tensions between New Delhi and Islamabad escalated, India’s Ministry of Defence said in a statement on Sunday. “A clear and resolute message regarding the operational posture of the Indian Navy to prevent, deter and defeat any misadventure by Pakistan in the maritime domain was also issued during the tri-services press conference on February 28,” the statement added. The Defence Ministry did not clarify which ‘nuclear submarines’ were deployed, although the Indian Navy presently has two kinds of nuclear-powered subs at its disposal, including a single Chakra (Akula II) class attack submarine leased from Russia, and the INS Arihant, an Indian-made ballistic missile submarine capable of firing up to 12 submarine-launched nuclear ballistic missiles. The navy also has some 14 diesel-electric subs. Indian warships were redeployed out of the Theatre Level Operation Readiness Exercise (TROPEX 19), an annual inter-services series of drills involving the navy, coast guard, air force and army, as tensions with Pakistan escalated after the February 14 attack on an Indian military convoy in Held Kashmir. Earlier, reports said that India and Pakistan had threatened to lob missiles at each other during the crisis, and that only US officials’ intervention helped to defuse what may have well turned into a much deadlier conflict. In early March, the Pakistani Navy released video of what it said was an Indian submarine attempting to enter Pakistani waters as tensions between the two countries flared. Tensions between India and Pakistan escalated in mid-February, after a militant group affiliated with al-Qaeda claimed a deadly car bombing against Indian security forces in the occupied valley, killing at least 40 personnel. In violation of the airspace, the Indian military conducted an airstrike against an alleged militant training camp in Pakistan on February 26. A day later, the Pakistan Air Force scrambled fighters to counter a second Indian incursion into Pakistani airspace, leading to a dogfight and the loss of two Indian MiG-21 aircraft and capture of an Indian Air Force pilot, who was later released by Pakistan as a gesture of peace. Tensions continue to smolder, with regular reports of airspace violations, military drills held in the sensitive border area, and back and forth allegations of ceasefire violations amid small arms and artillery fire along the Line of Control. Published in Daily Times, March 18th 2019.