ISLAMABAD: Speakers at a workshop on Monday stressed that empowerment of women was vital to establishment of peace and security and prevention of extremism and terrorism in a society, calling for inclusion of women in every aspect of peace-building initiatives. The one-day event titled Peace Building through Dukhtaran-e-Pakistan, organised by the Islamic International University, was attended by a large number of female students from several universities. IIU Female Campus Vice President Dr Farkhanda Zia, Huma Chughtai from the Federal Judicial Academy, Dr Sobia Khan from the National Institute of Population Studies and Nimra Ashfaq addressed the participants. Addressing on the occasion, Huma Chughtai highlighted the best practices adopted globally on role of women for promotion of peace. She said for generations women have served as peace educators, both in their families and in their societies. “They have proved instrumental in building bridges rather than walls. They have also been crucial in preserving social order when communities collapsed,” she said, adding that the United Nations was making special efforts to recruit more women for peacekeeping and peacemaking missions and also to make those operations more aware of gender issues. “Yet their potential contribution to peace and security is still under-valued and they are still under-represented at the decision-making level,” she noted, and called for providing more opportunities to women in Pakistan to play their role for societal development and establishment of peace. In her address, Dr Sobia Khan threw light on the socio-psychological reasoning of violent extremism and the remedies. “There are so many ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors that lead individuals to join extremist groups. The primary individual-level ‘push factors’ include socioeconomic status, education levels, personal grievances, alienation, victimisation and existential threat and anger at injustices and persecution. The main ‘pull factors’ that attract youths to extremist groups include the narrative of religious duty, utopia building, attaining reputation and acknowledgement and the promise of adventure and a romanticised lifestyle,” she said. “Radicalisation and violent extremism are gradual processes and the solutions involve political, social, and economic changes,” she said, adding that the women being main ‘influencers’ and ‘change-makers’ in a society are the integral part of any sustainable peace-building exercise. In her speech, Nimra Ashfaq highlighted the perception and anger management strategies to counter extremism and build peace. “Research shows that being in a globally negative mood can lead a person to form relatively pessimistic expectations, whereas being in a globally positive mood can lead one to form relatively optimistic expectations,” she said, adding that anger can colour people’s perceptions, form their decisions and guide their behaviours. “Women constitute half of the population of our country and therefore have a significant role to play in societal development. Their role is very crucial as not only they themselves are half of the population but also because they are responsible for bringing the other half into this world. They also act as the first educator of a child,” she said. IIU Female Campus VP Dr Farkhanda Zia said women play a vital role in preventing the spread of extremist ideologies and activities. “As mothers, wives, sisters and daughters in family settings and as professionals in workplaces, they shape the values of community members,” she said. The ceremony was organised to familiarise the participants about the basic objectives of Dukhtaran-e-Pakistan initiative and its development and promotion on the lines of Paigham-e-Pakistan initiative of the government. In the end, the logo of Dukhtaran-e-Pakistan was unveiled and awards and certificates were distributed among the participants. Published in Daily Times, November 27th 2018.