The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) remains the only treaty through which mankind endeavours to curb nuclear proliferation and disarm nuclear arsenals. The enactment of NPT would earn great security reimbursements by affirming that the majority of states, which are non-nuclear, remain so. Amid World War II, none of the significant belligerents were sure that the progression of nuclear weapons was conceivable, yet all realized that different states were at that point or could soon be attempting to fabricate the bomb. This dread was the focal stimulus for the American, British, German, and Soviet weapons’ programs. The United States created nuclear weapons not because it had greater demands for nuclear bomb but because the United States invested more heavily in the program. Initially, a more fundamental inquiry must be tended to: Why do nations need atomic weapons in any case? All things considered, some need nukes for self-defence, but they’re a generally shoddy method for deterring an attack. Some need them as cover for their own forceful plans; waving a couple of nukes can debilitate resistance. Some need them as a badge of prestige. Presumably most nuclear wannabes are propelled by some blend of all the above. The NPT enforces no penalties for quitting or violating the treaty and it doesn’t truly require that the United States, Russia, China, France or Britain disarm or cut back on their nuclear weapons However, under this security model’s rationale, the NPT is viewed as an organization allowing non-nuclear states to get the better of a collective action problem. Each state desires to be the only nuclear power in it’s region; the state will avoid further proliferation if its neighbours remain non-nuclear. But it is important to remember that in the world’s current state of affairs, militants and insurgents are the most likely belligerents against a state. A nuclear deterrent is utterly ineffective against such groups; they have no cities that can be bombed, nor are they focused on self-preservation. However with the advancements in globalization, the existing political order is experiencing expanding stress. Both global organizations and non-state actors are dissolving the conventional idea of national sovereignty and challenging states’ monopoly of power in energy, politics, military and other lawful domains. Undoubtedly, worldwide agreements or treaties like the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) are among the variables that have contracted countries’ power. The treaty basically has three major holes in it; primarily it allows countries to get to the brink of nuclear weapon proliferation following which they quit the treaty and build the weapons, it enforces no penalties for quitting or violating the treaty and it doesn’t truly require the United States, Russia, China, France or Britain to cut back on their nuclear weapons. Furthermore, the treaty also fails to provide a comprehensive plan for the disarmament of nuclear weapon states. It seems to be likely that elements like globalization, technological dispersion, territorial security contests and intensification in actions of non-state actors will increase the number of nuclear powers worldwide. The cost of building and keeping up these weapons could inhibit proliferation, but it is far more important for nuclear states to show genuine commitment to disarmament and set a precedent for the world. Moreover we ought to develop a new approach to security which is capable of transcending borders, an inclusive approach that is cantered on the value of every human life. The sooner we can make that transition, the sooner we will achieve our goal of living on a planet which is free of war. The global community has not been successful in creating a possible alternative to the doctrine of nuclear deterrence as the basis for international security. Nuclear weapons will not go away until a reliable collective security framework exists to fill the void. To conclude we must continue to develop and refine proposals for action. To bring them to the attention of governments and opinion leaders, and to promote public discourse on nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament. Most importantly, the world must remember that under current circumstances, one mishap or mistake can result in the death of millions. The writer is working as Research Affiliate at Strategic Vision Institute and can be contacted at ubaid@thesvi.org Published in Daily Times, October 4th 2017.